SIEMENS
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Siemens D 21.4 · 2017
Appendix
Conversion tables
16
■
Temperature Conversion
■
Mechanism Efficiencies
■
Friction Coefficients
1)
The table shows approximate SWG/AWG sizes nearest to standard metric
sizes; the cross-sections do not match exactly.
■
Material Densities
■
Wire Gauges
1)
°F
°C
°C
°F
0
–17.8
–10
14
32
0
0
32
50
10
10
50
70
21.1
20
68
90
32.2
30
86
98.4
37
37
98.4
212
100
100
212
subtract 32 and multiply by
5
/
9
multiply by
9
/
5
and add 32
Acme-screw with brass nut
~0.35–0.65
Acme-screw with plastic nut
~0.50–0.85
Ball-screw
~0.85–0.95
Chain and sprocket
~0.95–0.98
Preloaded ball-screw
~0.75–0.85
Spur or bevel-gears
~0.90
Timing belts
~0.96–0.98
Worm gears
~0.45–0.85
Helical gear (1 reduction)
~0.92
Materials
μ
Steel on steel (greased)
~0.15
Plastic on steel
~0.15–0.25
Copper on steel
~0.30
Brass on steel
~0.35
Aluminum on steel
~0.45
Steel on steel
~0.58
Mechanism
μ
Ball bushings
<0.001
Linear bearings
<0.001
Dove-tail slides
~0.2++
Gibb ways
~0.5++
Material
lb-in
3
gm-cm
3
Aluminum
0.096
2.66
Brass
0.299
8.30
Bronze
0.295
8.17
Copper
0.322
8.91
Hard wood
0.029
0.80
Soft wood
0.018
0.48
Plastic
0.040
1.11
Glass
0.079–0.090
2.2–2.5
Titanium
0.163
4.51
Paper
0.025–0.043
0.7–1.2
Polyvinyl chloride
0.047–0.050
1.3–1.4
Rubber
0.033–0.036
0.92–0.99
Silicone rubber, without filler
0.043
1.2
Cast iron, gray
0.274
7.6
Steel
0.280
7.75
Cross-section
mm
2
Standard Wire
Gauge (SWG)
American Wire
Gauge (AWG)
0.2
25
24
0.3
23
22
0.5
21
20
0.75
20
19
1.0
19
18
1.5
17
16
2.5
15
13
4
13
11
6
12
9
10
9
7
16
7
6
25
5
3
35
3
2
50
0
1/0
70
000
2/0
95
00000
3/0
120
0000000
4/0
150
–
6/0
185
–
7/0
© Siemens AG 2017